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Memorize this site!! FreeBSD Handbook sshd reload config file changes without reboot Symlink Cvsup the FBSD box Boot to default generic kernel after a panic! Return to the installation configuration Build new kernel Mount Cdrom Find command Changing Shells TAR Remove ^M characters from files Start files on boot Useful commands Bash prompt & how to change it Startup Disks Grep & Tail Append output to a file When your system won't boot due to a file you edited List all user accounts Time - set server time with ntpdate Create ISO from CD to HD top
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chown -R user /wwwroot/dirname This example creates a link from the users homedir to a web serving dir. top top
You should see an "OK" prompt Type: unload kernel (hit enter) load kernel.GENERIC (hit enter) boot (hit enter) top
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find /usr/local -name filename find . -type d -maxdepth 1 && find . -type f -maxdepth 1 find . -type f -exec grep -H "LoadModule" {} \; top
from /stand/sysinstall or ports: chpass -s /usr/local/bin/bash username top
How to use TAR to backup top
or perl -pi -e "s:^V^M:: g" filename (must use ctrl-V & M not just type the text) top
Create a file with .sh extension in this directory. make filename.sh executable: chmod 500 filename.sh If there are multiple files in this directory they will boot in alphabetical order. For example: 000_startfirst.sh 010_startsecond.sh 020_startthird.sh top
mkdir /directoryname -> make directory rmdir /directoryname -> remove directory rm -rf /dirname -> remove dir with files pwd -> shows present working directory ls -> lists directory contents ls -l -> lists directory contents with properties cd /directoryname -> change directory top
From your /root dir cp .profile .bash_profile At the bottom of the file, enter this text. PS1='\[\e]\e[0;31m\]${PWD} #\[\e[m\]' This will give you a prompt which looks like this. /directory # Which will be red. To change the color of the prompt, edit the [0;31m\] part of the code, and enter your color choice. top
pub/freebsd/tools/fdimage.exe pub/freebse/releases/i386/[release]/floppies/mfsroot.flp pub/freebse/releases/i386/[release]/floppies/kern.flp To create startup disks from a Win9x box: Must use 2 formatted floppies. You can not use copy to create the disks. c:\temp\fdimage.exe -v a:\mfsroot.flp c:\temp\fdimage.exe -v a:\kern.flp Boot system with kern.flp and follow onscreen instructions. top
grep & tail commands do this. grep FTP /var/log/messages > ftp.txt tail -20 ftp.txt | mail user What this has done is search the file "messages" in /var/log/ directory for the text "FTP", and saved it to a text file named "ftp.txt" Then, with the "tail" command, we have taken the last 20 lines of "ftp.txt" and mailed it to a user. top
It will append all three outputs to a single file Using the >> command more security.log > today.log more firewall.log >> today.log grep FTP /var/log/messages >> today.log We can group the commands into one line as well (more /var/log/security.log; more /var/log/firewall.log; grep FTP /var/log/messages) >> /usr/home/user/today.log top
to enter Single User mode. At the question about the shell to use, hit ENTER. You'll be dropped to a # prompt. Enter mount -u / to remount your root filesystem read/write, then run mount -a to remount all the filesystems. Now you should be able to use an editor to fix files. Or commands like chpass /usr/local/bin/bash user to fix your shell. Before you apply a shell to a user, make sure you have installed that shell. top
The second example lists users by full name. cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1 | grep -v \# cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f5 | grep -v \# top
-v -> Be verbose. This option will cause ntpdate's version identification string to be logged. -q -> Query only - don't set the clock. |